This commentary concerns the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 20 March 2026 (II OSK 216/21), in which the transcription of a foreign same-sex marriage certificate was permitted.

This study examines how the obligations of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being align with the constitutional guarantees of human dignity outlined in Article 30 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.

From Dolly to today: how cloning reshaped global and Polish law, why human cloning is banned, and what this means for the future of assisted reproduction.