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Central European Researchers'
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May we assess whether a state has “successfully” integrated in the EU?
This post explores the quantitative criteria enabling to assess whether the integration of new members to the EU may be regarded as a success. As a case study, it focuses on four Central European countries—Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia (EU-4). It proposes a four-criteria framework: legal alignment, internal acceptance, external acceptance, and economic alignment (the latter excluded from this analysis).
Michal Petr
2 days ago7 min read


Correspondence voting abroad in light of possible changes in Polish electoral law - a challenge for the Polish consular service
On 14 June 2024 the Polish Parliament passed an act that introduces changes to the Polish Electoral Code, according to which correspondence voting shall be allowed in all types of elections (except for local government elections), including for the Polish citizens abroad. The author focuses on challenges that it may pose for the Polish consular service based on the experience of the previous Polish presidential elections in 2020.
Anna Szarek-Zwijacz
Oct 188 min read


On the newest things in the digital age – what message does ‘Magnifica Humanitas’ bring to the world of work?
The blog post examines Pope Leo XIV’s encyclical ‘Magnifica Humanitas’ as a contemporary continuation of Catholic social teaching on the issue of work.
Tomasz Mirosławski
Oct 1215 min read


Is Political Campaign a Commercial Activity? – Some Remarks in Relation to the Inter IKEA Systems Case
The blog post analyses the CJEU’s IKEA judgment on trade mark use in a political campaign and its relationship with freedom of expression.
Gellért Nagy
Oct 76 min read


The free movement of workers and transitional periods in the EU
This contribution follows the project "EU Enlargement and Successful Integration", especially the part on "Specific rules for acceding countries. Exemptions from EU law, transitory periods". It highlights some aspects related to the free movement of workers and transitional periods, which we classify as restrictions affecting countries acceding to the EU.
Alena Krunkova
Sep 308 min read


The President's Refusal to Appoint Judges
The blog post analyses the President of Poland’s power to appoint or refuse to appoint judges and whether such decisions are subject to judicial review.
Konrad Wytrykowski
Sep 266 min read


Visions for a Successful Enlargement
In the current blog study, the author summarises the findings of his research on the EUs enlargement policy pursued within the framework of a Central European Academy Professors’ Network research group “EU Enlargement and Successful Integration” (2024-2025) and also the findings of the other research group members on their own country’s experiences with the EU accession.
György Marinkás
Sep 218 min read


The Impact of Population Ageing on State Security
The ageing of European societies is a fact, and this has an impact on state security. As the political organisation of society, it is obliged to ensure that it functions free of any threats. These can be of a diverse nature. One of them is ageing, leading to a change in the demographic structure of society. In order to exist, the state must ensure generational replacement.
Wojciech Lis
Sep 167 min read


The extent of temporary protection of the citizens of Ukraine clarified in Czechia
This post analyses recent jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) of the Czech Republic concerning the rights of Ukrainian nationals under the EU Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) and the 2022 Council Implementing Decision (CID).
Michal Petr
Sep 137 min read


The inglorious leader of EU sanctions: waste landfills as the dominant subject of non-compliance proceedings under Article 260(2) TFEU
https://doi.org/10.63189/YFSV7637 An analysis of the practice of the European Commission and the CJEU concerning proceedings for failure to comply with a prior judgment, i.e., Article 260(2) TFEU, reveals that the subject matter of the vast majority of non-compliance cases concerns the environment. Of the 45 cases conducted under this procedure between 2000 and 2025, as many as 21 related to this field, including 18 concerning waste. A closer examination shows that within thi
Agata Kosieradzka-Federczyk
Sep 86 min read


Qualified Majority Voting, the Challenge of EU Democracy
This blog post analyses the use of QMV in EU decision-making, focusing on enlargement, efficiency, sovereignty and smaller Member States.
Rado Bohinc
Sep 27 min read


Rule of law in the centre of the EU enlargement methodology: A short overview of the Western Balkans’ never-ending reform
The blog post examines how the rule of law shapes EU enlargement policy and assesses its evolving role in the Western Balkans accession process.
Maja Lukić Radović
Aug 2610 min read


The “Cross-Eyed” Court of Justice of the European Union: On the Selective Approach to the Rule of Law in EU Countries
The post examines alleged inconsistencies in CJEU rule-of-law case law, comparing its approaches to judicial independence in Poland and Germany.
Bartosz Lewandowski
Aug 218 min read


National Identity, Same-Sex Marriage, and Union Citizenship: Slovakia's Preliminary Reference to the CJEU
The blog post analyses the implications of a Slovak Constitutional Court reference to the CJEU concerning the loss of Slovak and EU citizenship following a same-sex marriage abroad.
Lilla Garayová
Aug 1713 min read


Hybrid Education of the Future
Hybrid education combines traditional classroom instruction with online learning to create flexible, inclusive, and resilient educational experiences. This blog post examines lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, analyses Poland’s legal frameworks governing remote teaching, and explores the enduring benefits of blended learning models.
Wojciech Federczyk
Aug 74 min read


The System of Guarantees of Judicial Independence of CJEU Judges – Institutional Disadvantages
An analysis of the institutional guarantees of CJEU judicial independence, highlighting weaknesses in judicial appointments and tenure.
Grzegorz Pastuszko
Aug 46 min read


Serbia between EU Policy Defence and Its or EU Necessity to Deeper Reform
An analysis of Serbia's EU accession, the need for EU institutional reform, and the impact of evolving European security and geopolitical dynamics.
Vladan Petrov
Jul 3110 min read


Effects of the European Legalization Regulation (2016/1191) under Polish Law
The blog post examines why Regulation (EU) 2016/1191 has little practical effect in Poland despite simplifying the circulation of public documents in the EU.
Paweł Czubik
Jul 2511 min read


Could it have been otherwise? Subjective memoirs of a former Romanian magistrate
Daniel Morar published a book which is a reflective memoir and critical analysis of the Romanian justice system in the post-communist era. Drawing from his extensive judicial career, Morar provides a personal narrative enriched by his experiences as a prosecutor, focusing on pivotal events and challenges faced by the judiciary.
Emőd Veress
Jul 2010 min read


Probative Force and Value of Foreign Official Documents in Polish Administrative Proceedings Concerning the Application for a Driving License
This blog examines the legal foundations governing the probative force and value of foreign official documents in Polish administrative proceedings.
Rafał Stasikowski
Jul 149 min read


The European Commission and Hungarian cases concerning migration policy before the CJEU
In a series of judgments, the CJEU found that Hungary had infringed EU law in connection with its migration policy. This led to the imposition of severe financial penalties on Hungary in June 2024. The European Commission’s actions were characterised by selectivity. Despite similar restrictive migration practices being applied by Greece, Italy and Poland, the European Commission initiated infringement proceedings exclusively against Hungary, whilst other
Krzysztof Masło
Jul 116 min read


Restoration or Rupture? The Proposed Seventeenth Amendment to Hungary’s Fundamental Law and the Limits of Constitutional Repair
A commentary on the draft Seventeenth Amendment opened for public consultation on 22 June 2026, and on the broader constitutional package that has accompanied Hungary’s post-electoral transition.
Lilla Garayová
Jul 721 min read


Transit zones in the EU: The CJEU judgment in joined cases C-50/24 to C-56/24 (X v Commissaire général aux réfugiés et aux apatrides)
This blog post examines the CJEU's ruling in Joined Cases C-50/24 to C-56/24 on border procedures, transit zones, detention, and asylum under Directive 2013/32.
Jakub Czepek
Jul 66 min read


Case Assignment to Judges
This post examines the legal implications of Poland's departure from random case allocation and its impact on judicial independence, transparency, and the right to a court established by law.
Konrad Wytrykowski
Jul 26 min read
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